Star Fruit induced Acute Kidney Injury
Star Fruit induced Acute Kidney Injury Starfruit, also known as Averrhoa carambola L., is widely available in tropical countries.
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How to Dilute?
How to Dilute? Dilution is an important aspect in pharmacy. Everybody knows how to dilute a concentrated solution to a less concentrated one, but not everyone knows how to dilute it to the EXACT concentration. Today, we'll share a bit of insight on dilution method of a solution. Before that, let us have a bit of examples on when will the dilution method be applied. In pharmacy services, some of the solution, or cream that we have were purchased in bulk or in concentrated form for their cost-effectiveness as well as ease of transportation. For example, benzyl benzoate emulsion (EBB) used in pediatrics. For children above 2 years of age up until 12, EBB 12.5% is recommended. In some facilities, you may also find EBB 6.25%, indicated for pediatric 6 months up to 2 years old. *Do note that 6.25% is not listed in BlueBook * In most of the facilities, we will be getting EBB 25%. So, further dilution is required to prepare an emulsion of 6.25%. Taking this as an example, th...
Do You Know? - 03
Do You Know? Paracetamol and Vitamin C @ Ascorbic Acid Paracetamol is commonly used medication in daily life. Have a fever? Pop a paracetamol. Have minor muscle ache? Paracetamol helps. However, do you know that there is a possible drug interaction between paracetamol and high dose vitamin C @ ascorbic acid? In 1970s, a study conducted revealed that high dose vitamin C (>3g) led to an increase in paracetamol concentration with concomitant ingestion of both products. It was proposed that the increment in paracetamol concentration may be due to competition between paracetamol and vitamin C for sulphate pool in the body. Less parcetamol is being metabolized due to competitive inhibition of sulphate conjugation. So what problem may arise from this ? Patients who are taking daily dose of paracetamol, ie. Osteoarthritis patients, in conjunction with high dose vitamin C may have increased risk of paracetamol toxicity. So, always remember to remind patient regar...